![]() It is unclear whether the cranial root of accessory nerve (CN XI) makes a significant contribution of nerve fibres to the CN X that would then proceed to constitute the pharyngeal branch. Putative contribution from cranial root of accessory nerve (CN XI) It passes in between the external carotid artery and internal carotid artery upon reaching the superior border of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle the nerve ramifies into numerous filaments that contribute to the formation of the pharyngeal plexus. The pharyngeal branch arises from the superior portion of the inferior ganglion of vagus nerve. The neuron cell bodies of the axons of the pharyngeal branch reside in the nucleus ambiguus. It inserts into the pharyngeal raphe inferior to the superior pharyngeal constrictor. It is active during swallowing, and partially during breathing and speech. The middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is also a broad muscle with an origin that extends from the hyoid bone and then up the stylohyoid ligament that extends from the hyoid bone to the styloid process of the temporal bone. It is supplied by the vagus nerve (CN X). It arises from the sides of the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage. It is the thickest of the three outer pharyngeal muscles. It represents the motor component of the pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve and ultimately provides motor innervation to most of the muscles of the soft palate (all but the tensor veli palatini muscle), and of the pharynx (all but the stylopharyngeus muscle). The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a skeletal muscle of the neck. The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve is the principal motor nerve of the pharynx. The posteroinferior group fanned out from the posterior part of the greater horn, while the middle constrictor arose internally to the hyoglossus some fibers often passed externally, and their fibers sometimes intersected around the lingual artery, which ran between them. ![]()
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